近日，美国总统唐纳德·特朗普发布了一项行政命令（保护美国能源免受州政府的过度干预），针对加州碳市场称其违反联邦法律，并限制能源生产。

加州的天然气价格是全美最高的，能源价格仅次于夏威夷。

特朗普的 “保护美国能源免受州政府的过度干预”行政命令指示司法部长帕姆-邦迪（Pam Bondi）查明所有 “对 ”国内能源资源 “造成负担 ”的州法律，这些法律 “是或可能是违宪的，被联邦法律所取代，或以其他方式无法执行”。该命令优先考虑 “气候变化”、“环境、社会和治理 ”倡议、“环境正义”、碳或 “温室气体 ”排放，以及收取碳罚款或碳税的资金。

该行政命令表示，特朗普政府致力于释放美国能源，特别是通过消除对国内能源资源--尤其是石油、天然气、煤炭、水电、地热、生物燃料、关键矿物和核能资源--的识别、开发、选址、生产、投资或使用的所有非法障碍。

该行政命令特别引用了加利福尼亚州碳市场的 “总量控制与交易 ”计划作为有针对性计划的范例，根据该计划，加利福尼亚州拍卖温室气体排放权。

特朗普写道：“例如，加利福尼亚州通过对企业可能使用的碳量设置不可能达到的上限来惩罚碳的使用，这无异于迫使企业支付大笔费用来‘交易’碳信用额度，以满足加州激进的要求”。

加州的低碳燃料标准也可能成为该行政命令的目标，根据该标准，排放量超过稳步收紧的标准的燃料生产商必须向排放量低于标准的燃料生产商购买信用额度。

加州碳市场的总量控制与交易（cap-and-trade）计划和低碳燃料配额制度（LCFS）计划在加州汽油成本中占很大比重，总量控制与交易计划使每加仑汽油的成本增加了 42 美分，低碳燃料配额制度目前使每加仑汽油的成本增加了 11 美分。

加利福尼亚州州长加文·纽森（Gavin Newsom）抨击特朗普的命令是 “美化的新闻稿”，称该州的计划针对的是 “有害污染”，并附上了一张黑白档案照片，照片中的人戴着防毒面具走来走去。

纽森说：“这就是特朗普政府希望你们的孩子生活的世界。加州为减少有害污染所做的努力不会因为一份伪装成行政命令的美化新闻稿而脱轨”。

加州共和党人表示，排放法规是导致加州生活成本飙升的主要原因。

“从开车上班、给家里降温到养家糊口，民主党人的限额交易计划让生活的每一部分都变得更加昂贵，”众议院少数党领袖、东尼古拉斯州共和党人詹姆斯·加拉格尔（James Gallagher）对《中心广场》说。“我很感激特朗普政府正在推动这项昂贵的任务，使加州的能源成本得到控制"。

加州的碳排放限额交易计划历来每年能带来 44 亿美元的收入，但根据州政府资助的立法分析办公室（Legislative Analyst's Office）的数据，拍卖收入比预期少了 20% 以上。

原文如下：

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered:

Section 1.  Purpose.  My Administration is committed to unleashing American energy, especially through the removal of all illegitimate impediments to the identification, development, siting, production, investment in, or use of domestic energy resources — particularly oil, natural gas, coal, hydropower, geothermal, biofuel, critical mineral, and nuclear energy resources.  An affordable and reliable domestic energy supply is essential to the national and economic security of the United States, as well as our foreign policy.  Simply put, Americans are better off when the United States is energy dominant.

American energy dominance is threatened when State and local governments seek to regulate energy beyond their constitutional or statutory authorities.  For example, when States target or discriminate against out-of-State energy producers by imposing significant barriers to interstate and international trade, American energy suffers, and the equality of each State enshrined by the Constitution is undermined.  Similarly, when States subject energy producers to arbitrary or excessive fines through retroactive penalties or seek to control energy development, siting, or production activities on Federal land, American energy suffers.

Many States have enacted, or are in the process of enacting, burdensome and ideologically motivated “climate change” or energy policies that threaten American energy dominance and our economic and national security.  New York, for example, enacted a “climate change” extortion law that seeks to retroactively impose billions in fines (erroneously labelled “compensatory payments”) on traditional energy producers for their purported past contributions to greenhouse gas emissions not only in New York but also anywhere in the United States and the world.  Vermont similarly extorts energy producers for alleged past contributions to greenhouse gas emissions anywhere in the United States or the globe.

Other States have taken different approaches in an effort to dictate national energy policy.  California, for example, punishes carbon use by adopting impossible caps on the amount of carbon businesses may use, all but forcing businesses to pay large sums to “trade” carbon credits to meet California’s radical requirements.  Some States delay review of permit applications to produce energy, creating de facto barriers to entry in the energy market.  States have also sued energy companies for supposed “climate change” harm under nuisance or other tort regimes that could result in crippling damages.

These State laws and policies weaken our national security and devastate Americans by driving up energy costs for families coast-to-coast, despite some of these families not living or voting in States with these crippling policies.  These laws and policies also undermine Federalism by projecting the regulatory preferences of a few States into all States.  Americans must be permitted to heat their homes, fuel their cars, and have peace of mind — free from policies that make energy more expensive and inevitably degrade quality of life.

These State laws and policies try to dictate interstate and international disputes over air, water, and natural resources; unduly discriminate against out-of-State businesses; contravene the equality of States; and retroactively impose arbitrary and excessive fines without legitimate justification.

These State laws and policies are fundamentally irreconcilable with my Administration’s objective to unleash American energy.  They should not stand.

Sec. 2.  State Laws and Causes of Action.  (a)  The Attorney General, in consultation with the heads of appropriate executive departments and agencies, shall identify all State and local laws, regulations, causes of action, policies, and practices (collectively, State laws) burdening the identification, development, siting, production, or use of domestic energy resources that are or may be unconstitutional, preempted by Federal law, or otherwise unenforceable.  The Attorney General shall prioritize the identification of any such State laws purporting to address “climate change” or involving “environmental, social, and governance” initiatives, “environmental justice,” carbon or “greenhouse gas” emissions, and funds to collect carbon penalties or carbon taxes.

(b)  The Attorney General shall expeditiously take all appropriate action to stop the enforcement of State laws and continuation of civil actions identified in subsection (a) of this section that the Attorney General determines to be illegal.

(c)  Within 60 days of the date of this order, the Attorney General shall submit a report to the President, through the Counsel to the President, regarding actions taken under subsection (b) of this section.  The Attorney General shall also recommend any additional Presidential or legislative action necessary to stop the enforcement of State laws identified in subsection (a) of this section that the Attorney General determines to be illegal or otherwise fulfill the purpose of this order.

Sec. 3.  General Provisions.  (a)  Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i)   the authority granted by law to an executive department, agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii)  the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b)  This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c)  This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

                              DONALD J. TRUMP

THE WHITE HOUSE,

   April 8, 2025.

来源：Protecting American Energy From State Overreach – The White House