图片说明：2019年9月20日英国伦敦举行反气候变化游行。来源：美国之音
据英国卫报6月12日报道，自《巴黎协定》签订以来，英国政府持续动用35亿英镑公共资金支持污染项目。目前政府正在考虑终止其对海外化石燃料的持续金融支持。
The UK government is considering steps to end its ongoing financial support for fossil fuels overseas after using £3.5bn of public funds to support polluting projects since signing the Paris climate agreement.
据了解，一些高官正在设计一项新的气候战略，该战略计划在2021年举办的第26届联合国气候大会之前，逐步淘汰对发展中国家油气基础设施的资金支持。Senior civil servants are understood to be planning a new climate strategy that would phase out financial support for oil and gas infrastructure in developing countries ahead of the UN’s Cop26 international climate talks next year.
英国着手筹备COP26之际，国会议员和竞选团体对该国政府通过其外国金融机构，持续为非洲和东南亚化石燃料项目提供金融支持的抗议声浪越来越高。The talks come amid growing outcry from MPs and campaign groups over the government’s continuing financial support for fossil fuel projects in Africa and south-east Asia through its foreign finance institutions.
即将公布的的一项调查显示，自2016年达成《巴黎协定》以来，英国政府已提供价值数十亿英镑的海外化石燃料融资，并因为一系列招待活动和礼品馈赠与化石燃料行业建立了紧密联系。Separate investigations by campaigners, to be published this week, reveal that the government has offered billions of pounds-worth of overseas fossil fuel financing since the Paris climate accord was agreed in 2016, and forged close links with the fossil fuel industry through a series of hospitality events and gifts.
根据“全球正义”披露的数据，自《巴黎协定》签订以来，英国政府信贷机构出口融资部（UKEF）已向参与外国化石燃料项目的英国公司提供了至少30亿英镑的贷款，担保和保险。UK Export Finance (UKEF), a government credit agency, has offered loans, guarantees and insurance worth at least £3bn to UK companies involved in foreign fossil fuel projects since the Paris climate agreement, according to figures unearthed by Global Justice Now.
该组织发现，政府的开发银行、英国CDC投资集团已直接投资至少3亿英镑用于非洲和南亚的高排放项目，包括化石燃料发电厂和水泥厂。The campaign group found that the government’s development bank, CDC Group, has directly invested at least £300m in high-emissions projects in Africa and south Asia, including fossil fuel power plants and cement-making.
“全球正义”表示，英国CDC投资集团的间接投资中包括为非洲基础设施投资基金III提供3,450万英镑，该基金已将其中部分资金投资于四个不同的化石燃料项目。CDC’s indirect investments include £34.5m for the African Infrastructure Investment Fund III, which has invested some of this money in four different fossil fuel projects, according to Global Justice.
“全球正义”的气候活动家丹尼尔·威利斯表示，自2016年《巴黎协定》签订以来，金融机构提供的金融支持和其他援助总计达35亿英镑。Daniel Willis, a climate campaigner with Global Justice, said the financial support offered by the financial institutions and other aid since the Paris agreement in 2016 has totalled £3.5bn.
“要让政府在第26届联合国气候大会之前展现真正的气候领导力，并支持全球从新冠疫情中实现绿色复苏，就需要结束这些极具破坏性的投资。”他说。“For the government to show real climate leadership ahead of Cop26 and support a global green recovery from Covid-19, it needs to end these highly damaging investments,” he said.
“全球见证”的一项调查发现，过去20年来英国出口融资部接受的与能源行业有关的96％的招待活动和礼物，由主要的化石燃料公司，包括沙特阿拉伯国家石油公司和俄罗斯天然气工业股份公司支付，后者由俄罗斯政府拥有。A separate investigation by Global Witness has found that 96% of the gifts and hospitality accepted by UKEF in the past 20 years related to the energy sector were paid for by major fossil fuel companies, including Saudi Arabia’s state-owned oil business Saudi Aramco and Gazprom, which is owned by the Russian government.
这些礼物包括诺基亚手机——来自沙特阿拉伯国家石油公司旗下的石化公司，沙特阿拉伯基本工业股份有限公司；以及价值数千英镑的旅行——由俄罗斯天然气工业股份公司买单，参观位于俄罗斯的天然气项目。The gifts include Nokia mobile phones from Sabic, a petrochemical company owned by Saudi Aramco, and trips worth several thousand pounds to visit a gas project in Russia that was paid for by Gazprom.
报告称，在英国出口融资部的能源行业招待活动中，仅有4％与可再生能源公司有关。A modest 4% of UKEF’s energy industry hospitality events were linked to renewable energy companies, according to the report.
“全球见证”的资深活动家亚当·麦吉布本表示，英国出口融资部的招待记录“突显了他们与一些世界上最大的污染者的亲密关系”。Adam McGibbon, a senior campaigner at Global Witness, said UKEF’s hospitality records “underline just how in bed they are with some of the world’s biggest polluters”.
“招待礼品不只是客套。对于大企业而言，它们是一种经过验证有效的，保持其对政策影响的技巧。当英国主持的第26届联合国气候大会于2021年举办时，是否结束其向国外出口污染的行为，将成为该政府对应对气候变化问题重视度的关键考量。”“Hospitality gifts are more than just pleasantries; they are a tried and tested technique for big business to maintain influence over policy. When the UK-hosted Cop26 finally happens in 2021, ending the hypocrisy of exporting pollution abroad will be a key test of just how serious this government is about fighting climate change,” he said.
英国出口融资部发言人表示，该机构支持英国“所有领域”的出口，并且“正在积极扩大对可再生能源行业的支持范围”。另外英国出口融资部已向其直接贷款业务部门分配了20亿英镑，用于清洁增长和可再生能源项目。A UKEF spokesperson said the agency supported UK exports “in all sectors”, and was “proactively developing the breadth of our support for renewable sectors”. UKEF has allocated £2bn to its direct lending facility for clean growth and renewable energy projects, the agency added.
英国出口融资部和英国CDC投资集团都在其对能源项目的金融支持中增加了可再生能源的比例。CDC投资集团发言人说，该集团将在今年晚些时候公布新的气候战略，该战略将优先投资可再生能源，而不是化石燃料。Both UKEF and CDC have increased the proportion of renewable energy within their financial support for energy projects. A CDC spokesman said the development bank will reveal its new climate strategy later this year, which will prioritise investment in renewable energy over fossil fuels.
据了解，政府官员对呼吁完全排除化石燃料金融持谨慎态度，因为这是以帮助发展中国家实现其他发展目标为代价的，包括首次使近10亿人获得可靠的电力。Government officials are understood to be wary of calling for fossil fuel financing to be ruled out entirely at the expense of helping developing countries achieve other development goals, including access to reliable electricity for almost 1 billion people for the first time.
这种立场可能会引起环保主义者和国会议员的批评，他们认为可再生能源可以为发展中经济体提供动力。This stance would likely draw criticism from environmentalists and MPs who believe renewable energy could help power developing economies.
工党领袖凯尔·斯塔莫在当选为反对党领袖之前，曾于今年早些时候表示：“与其在国外资助化石燃料项目，不如使用我们的发展资金预算和技术专长来帮助其他国家摆脱不良习惯并扶助他们自己的基于可再生能源的低碳经济体”。The Labour party leader, Keir Starmer, before his election as leader of the opposition, said earlier this year that “rather than funding fossil fuel projects abroad, we should use our development budget and technical expertise to help other countries skip our bad habits and grow their own low-carbon economies on renewables instead”.
一位国际发展部发言人说，英国政府已经同意“所有未来的援助支出将与《巴黎协定》保持一致”。英国政府去年用以帮助发展中国家应对气候变化的投资已经翻了一番。A spokesperson for the Department of International Development said the UK government had agreed that “all future aid spend will be aligned with the Paris agreement” and last year doubled its investment to help developing countries tackle climate change.
来源：IGDP
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