中国石化新闻网讯 据能源世界网1月19日伦敦报道，英国是海上风能的全球领导者，其计划在未来几十年内将其作为向碳平衡过渡的支柱之一。

该国的目标是到2030年，利用北海上的风能和有利的政策环境，将其海上电力生产能力提高三倍。

康沃尔(Cornwall Insight)能源咨询公司的詹姆斯·布拉本表示，与在欧洲其他地方相比，在英国进行海上建造更有利。

他对法新社表示，公众和政治界对海上风电的支持已达成共识。

上个月执政的鲍里斯·约翰逊首相，在其选举宣言中承诺，将在本十年内将海上风能发电量从100亿瓦增加到400亿瓦。

其希望英国在2050年之前实现碳平衡，陆上风能，太阳能，水力发电和生物质能也将为其能源结构做出贡献。

根据上周公布的2019年第三季度数据，该国已经将近40％的电力来自可再生能源。

计划中的扩建-考虑到该国土地面积相对较小，英国计划支持大型海上风电场的开发。

根据拥有英国大部分海床的王室世袭土地和财产组合皇冠庄园的最新数据，2018年底有38个作业地点，包括大约2,000台涡轮机。还有近1000台涡轮机已经处于规划阶段。

其中两个最大的项目是威尔士北部的沃尔尼扩建项目和泰晤士河口的伦敦阵列风电场。

由于其地理位置造成的大风天气，这两个地点是英国近海电场集中度最高的地方。

其他几个项目也在进行中，包括约克郡沿海的Hornsea和Dogger Bank，它们将争夺世界上最大的海上风力涡轮机电场的称号。

约翰逊还大力推广浮动风电场，该风电场利用仍在开发中的尖端技术，进入海底较深的多风海域。

“可持续技术”——该部门还试图解释在地球上建造和运行风力涡轮机的所谓“全球成本”。

海上风电在2019年创下了纪录，中国、英国和荷兰等沿海项目完成。

国际能源署（IEA）强调了海上风力发电的“无限潜力”，因为生产成本下降且技术进步提高了涡轮机的功率和效率。

郝芬 译自 能源世界网

原文如下：

UK looks to offshore wind energy for transition to carbon neutrality

Britain, a global leader in offshore wind energy, plans to make the sector one of the pillars of its transition to carbon neutrality in the coming decades.

The country aims to quadruple its offshore electricity production capacity by 2030 by utilising the windswept North Sea and a favourable policy environment.

"It's more conducive to build offshore in the UK than anywhere else in Europe," said James Brabben, of Cornwall Insight energy consultancy.

"There's quite a consensus of support around offshore wind from the public and politics," he told AFP.

Prime Minister Boris Johnson's government, returned to power with a thumping majority last month, pledged in its election manifesto to increase power from offshore wind from 10 to 40 gigawatts this decade.

It wants Britain to be carbon neutral by 2050, with onshore wind, solar, hydro and biomass also set to contribute to its energy mix.

The country already produces almost 40 percent of its electricity from renewable sources, according to figures published last week for the third quarter of 2019.

- Planned expansions - Britain plans to favour the development of colossal offshore wind farms given the country's relatively small land mass.

There were 38 operational sites comprising around 2,000 turbines at the end of 2018, according to the last available figures from the Crown Estate, the hereditary land and property portfolio of the royal family which owns most of Britain's seabed.

Nearly 1,000 more turbines are already in the planning stages.

Two of the biggest projects are Walney Extension, in north Wales, and London Array, at the mouth of the River Thames.

The two sites are home to the highest concentration of British offshore farms, thanks to the windy weather conditions created by their geography.

Several other projects are also under way, including at Hornsea and Dogger Bank off the coast of Yorkshire, which will compete for the title of largest offshore wind turbine field in the world.

Johnson has also touted rolling out floating wind farms, which utilise cutting-edge technology still being developed, to tap into windy marine areas with deeper seabeds.

- 'Sustainable technology' - The sector is also trying to account for the so-called "global cost" of building and running a wind turbine on the planet.

Offshore wind power had a record year in 2019, with the completion of projects off the coasts of China, Britain and the Netherlands, among others.

The International Energy Agency (IEA) has highlighted the almost "unlimited potential" of offshore wind power, as production costs fall and technological progress increases turbines' power and efficiency.